CLIPPING ENGLISH
ABOUT THE KINDS OF READING TEXT
Arranged By :
1. Anik Cahyati ( 04 )2. Basuki Rahmat Nur Cahyo ( 10 )
3. Diah Yuniati ( 17 )
4. Dimas Arik Suyitno ( 18 )
5. Eni Srimulyati ( 26 )
SMK NEGERI I PURWOSARI
TAHUN AJARAN 2016/2017
CONTENTS
Narrative
Recount
Descriptive
Report
Explanation
Analytical Exposition
Hortatory Exposition
Procedure
Discussion
Review
Anecdote
Spoof
News Item
1) NARRATIVE
Definition : Narrative text is a story with complication or problematic events and it tries to find the resolutions to solve the problems. An important part of narrative text is the narrative mode, the set of methods used to communicate the narrative through a process narration.
Purpose : To amuse/entertain the readers and to tell a story.
Generic Structure :
1. Orientation
2. Complication
3. Resolution
4. Reorientation
Dominant Language Features :
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Chronologically arranged
Example :
The Story of a Mouse and a Frog
Once, there was a mouse which made of close friendship with a frog.
One day, the frog said to the mouse; “Let’s bind ourselves together with a string so that we may never get separated”. The mouse agreed. Both tied themselves together leg to leg.
It went quite well on land. When they came to a small pool, it was a tragic for the mouse.
In the end, the frog kept swimming across the small pool dragging the mouse with him. Soon, the mouse drowned and floated on the surface of the pool.
2) RECOUNT
Definition : Recount is a text which retells events or experiences in the past. Its purpose is either to inform or to entertain the audience. There is no complication among the participants and that differentiates from narrative.
Purpose : To retell something that happened in the past and to tell a series of past event.
Generic Structure :
1. Orientation
2. Event(s)
3. Reorientation
Dominant Language Features :
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adjectives
Narrative and recount in some ways are similar. Both are telling something in the past so narrative and recount usually apply PAST TENSE; whether Simple Past Tense, Simple Past Continuous Tense, or Past Perfect Tense. The ways narrative and recount told are in chronological order using time or place. Commonly narrative text is found in story book; myth, fable, folklore, etc while recount text is found in biography.
Example :
An International Day
Yesterday at my school, we had an international day. We had performances, food stalls, displays, farrle tickets draw, and some of us ere dressed in costumes. We started day of with performances but the one I like the best was he one on fourth grade. We played games. The performance I was in was Labamba. Straight after performances e had or lunch. Here were food stalls. Hey came from Australia, Asia, Arab, and Greece.
Everyone had a job. These people were from sixth grade. I did my job after I had lunch. My job was to sell international day books. We had displays in the hall. These displays were good but I didn’t get to see them. Their displays came from a lot of countries, there were also trash and reassure stalls where they sold toys. The school got these things by asking the children to bring them in. Although I didn’t win anything, the international day was still fun.
3) DESCRIPTIVE
Definition : Is a text which says what a person or a thing is like. Its purpose is to describe and reveal a particular person, place or thing.
Purpose: To describe a particular person, place or thing in detail.
Generic Structure:
1. Identification
2. Description
Dominant Language Features:
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Using special technical terms
Example :
The Horse
A horse is a big and useful domestic animal. It has a tough body, incredibly strong legs and a hairy tail. It is usually a very timid animal unless provoked. It is a herbivore who only eats grass.
A horse is gifted with speed, so it is trained for racing in turf clubs. A good winning horse can fetch a hefty sum of money. Like dogs, a horse is an intelligent animal that can be trained to perform stunts and tricks to entertain audiences.
4) REPORT
Definition : Report is a text which presents information about something, as it is. It is as a result of systematic observation and analysis.
Purpose : To presents information about something, as it is.
Generic Structure :
1. General classification
2. Description
Dominant Language Feature :
1. Introducing group or general aspect
2. Using conditional logical connection
3. Using Simple Present Tense
Example :
The History Of Newspapers
Printing machines were invented in 1450. Before that, news was spread verbally or in written letters. In the past, people of Rome had a good way for circulating written news. Their first written news was called Acta Dluma or daily events.
It was posted by the government in the public places. In the past, the government of China produced news sheet, called Tipao. It was only circulated among court officials during the Han dynasty. At some point during the Tang dynasty, carved wooden blocks were used to print Tipao. It was the first printed newspapers in history.
5) EXPLANATION
Definition : Explanation is a text which tells processes relating to forming of natural, social, scientific and cultural phenomena. Explanation text is to say ‘why’ and ‘how’ of the forming of the phenomena. It is often found in science, geography and history text books.
Purpose : To explain the processes involved in the formation or working of natural or socio-cultural phenomena.
Generic Structure :
1. General statement
2. Explanation
3. Closing
Dominant Language Features :
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using action verbs
3. Using passive voice
4. Using noun phrase
5. Using adverbial phrase
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using conjunction of time and cause-effect.
Example :
Tsunami
The term of “tsunami” comes from the Japanese which means harbor (“tsu”) and wave (“nami”). A tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or a sea is rapidly displaced on a massive scale. A tsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water.
Such large vertical movements of the earth’s crust can occur at plate boundaries. Seductions of earthquakes are particularly effective in generating tsunami, and occur where denser oceanic plates slip under continental plates. As the displaced water mass moves under the influence of gravity to regain its equilibrium, it radiates across the ocean like ripples on a pond. Tsunami always brings great damage. Most of the damage is caused by the huge mass of water behind the initial wave front, as the height of the sea keeps rising fast and floods powerfully into the coastal area.
6) ANALYTICAL EXPOSITION
Definition : Analytical exposition text is a text that elaborates the writer’s idea about the phenomenon surrounding.
Purpose : To reveal the readers that something is the important case.
Generic Structure :
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Reiteration/Conclusion
Dominant Language Features :
1. Using modals
2. Using action verbs
3. Using thinking verbs
4. Using adverbs
5. Using adjective
6. Using technical terms
7. Using general and abstract noun
8. Using connectives/transition
Example :
Cars Should be Banned in the City
Cars should be banned in the city. As we all know, cars create pollution, and cause a lot of road deaths and other accidents. Firstly, cars, as we all know, contribute to most of the pollution in the world.Carsemit a deadly gas that causes illnesses such as bronchitis, lung cancer, and ‘triggers’ off asthma. Some of these illnesses are so bad that people can die from them.
Secondly, the city is very busy. Pedestrians wander everywhere and cars commonly hit pedestrians in the city, which causes them to die. Cars today are our roads biggest killers. Thirdly, cars are very noisy. If you live in the city, you may find it hard to sleep at night, or concentrate on your homework, and especially talk to someone. In conclusion, cars should be banned from the city for the reasons listed.
7) HORTATORY EXPOSITION
Definition : Is a type of spoken or written text that is intended to explain the listeners or readers that something should or should not happen or be done.
Purpose : To persuade the readers that something should or should not be the case or be done.
Generic Structure :
1. Thesis
2. Arguments
3. Recommendation
Dominant Language Features :
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using modals
3. Using action verbs
4. Using thinking verbs
5. Using adverbs
6. Using adjective
7. Using technical terms
8. Using general and abstract noun
9. Using connectives/transition
Example :
Let’s Support The Corruption Eradication Commission ( KPK )
KPK or in English Corruption Eradication Commission is important part in our fight again corruption. As an Indonesian people we must support KPK. In some last years KPK has done a lot of good work to eradicate corruption. So, we must protect KPK from anyone who try to weaken it. For instance, from 2001 to 2010, Indonesia’s Corruption Perception Index (CPI) score improved from 1.7 to 2.8. This incremental gain is considered one of the most progressive in Asia, thanks to Indonesia’s vibrant civil society, the active press and the hardworking Corruption Eradication Commission.
The TI data shows that in 2001 only 3% of the 91 countries surveyed were worse than Indonesia, while in 2010 the percentile increased to 40% out of 178 countries. The fact above show us that KPK has done great job. So, we must support KPK. If we know any information about corruption, we must report it to KPK. We also must give our support to some KPK members that are being criminalized. We must watch the judicial process, to keep it fair and according the law.
8) PROCEDURE
Definition : Is a text that is designed to describe how something is achieved through a sequence of actions or steps. It explains how people perform different processes in a sequence of steps.
Purpose : To help readers how to do or make something completely.
Generic Structure :
1. Goal/Aim
2. Materials/Equipments
3. Steps/Methods
Dominant Language Features :
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Using Imperatives sentence
3. Using adverb
4. Using technical terms
Example :
How to Charge Handphone Battery
Prepare your :
1. Handphone
2. Battery charger
Steps :
1. Connect the charger to your hand phone, the flash symbol on the charger plug must face upward.
2. Wait until the battery icon appears on the screen.
3. Charge the battery approximately 5 hours or until the battery icon indicates that the battery is fully charged.
4. Remove the charger by pulling out from your hand phone
9) DISCUSSION
Definition : Is a text which present a problematic discourse. This problem will be discussed from different viewpoints. Discussion is commonly found in philosophical, historic, and social text.
Purpose : To present information and opinions about issues in more one side of an issue (‘For/Pros’ and ‘Against/Cons’).
Generic Structure :
1. Issue
2. Arguments for and against
3. Conclusion
Dominant Language Features :
1. Using Simple Present Tense
2. Use of relating verb/to be
3. Using thinking verb
4. Using general and abstract noun
5. Using conjunction/transition
6. Using modality
7. Using adverb of manner
Example :
The Advantage and Disadvantage of Cellphone for Children
Kids using a cellphone – Advantages or disadvantage? This is a pro and con short essay
If you want to give your kid a cellphone, consider the advantage and disadvantage of cellphones for children.
On top of the advantages, cell phones can encourage child safety at all times. Just imagine if the children to be in an emergency circumstance, they can simply utilize cellphone to get in touch with you for help
On the other hand, cellphone also gives negative impact to kid. Rather than studying, kids have a tendency to spend much more time sending text messages to buddies or maybe using a number of apps such as games.
So, choosing the appropriate cell phone for your sons or daughters can influence all benefits associated with a cell phone for children.
10) REVIEW
Definition : Review text is an evaluation of a publication, such as a movie, video game, musical composition, book; a piece of hardware like a car, home appliance, or computer; or an event or performance, such as a live music concert, a play, musical theatre show or dance show.
Purpose : To critique or evaluate an art work or event for a public audience.
dominant
Generic Structure :
1. Orientation
2. Evaluation
3. Interpretative Recount
4. Evaluation
5. Evaluative Summation
Dominant Language Features :
1. Focus on specific participants
2. Using adjectives
3. Using long and complex clauses
4. Using metaphor
Example :
Spiderman 2
I will start by saying that I am a huge fan of Spider-man. I love all the trilogies worked by Raimi (yes, even the Spider-man 3) but I do not like the The Amazing Spiderman 1. I was skeptical when I wanted to watch this movie, but I was wrong and I think this second sequel is really great. Unlike its predecessor, this film is full of action, humor, and emotional. Played by the big players, the story is well-written. The action is really spectacular and the final scene makes me satisfied. The story begins when Peter Parker (Andrew Garfield) struggled to maintain his relationship with Gwen (Emma Stone) after her father’s death. His actions also causes the emergence of a new enemy, Electro, a villain played by James Foxx. Peter also continue to investigate what happened to his father and reunited with his old friend, Harry Osborn. This movie is ended by the death of Gwen that makes the audience will be very emotional and sad. However I have to criticize about this film addressed to Paul Giamatti who plays Rhino. His appearance is too over. His acting also does not show that he is a feared villain. It would be a serious problem for the next Spiderman series. So I hope he can improve his acting better than before. Overall, I think this is the best superhero movie since the appearance of The Dark Knight Rises. The script is well-written and convincing. I am sure the next series will be outstanding superhero movie. I recommend this movie to anyone who loves Spider-man or other superhero movies.
11) ANECDOTE
Definition : Is a text which retells funny and unusual incidents in fact or imagination.
Purpose : To share with others an account of an unusual or amusing incident.
Generic Structure :
1. Abstract
2. Orientation
3. Crisis
4. Reaction
5. Coda.
Dominant Language Features :
1. Using exclamations, rhetorical question or intensifiers
2. Using material process
3. Using temporal conjunctions
Example :
A Young Businessman
There was a young businessman who was driving a new released car. Suddenly, an accident happened and caused his car door apart.
He was shocked and shouted, “Police, police, my car door was broken!”
The police replied, “are you stupid or crazy? Your hand is broken because of this accident, why do you worry about the door?”
The young executive shouted, “my hands broke?? Oh my God, where my Rolex? where is my expensive watch? I just spent half my salary last month to buy the watch!”
The police just shut up and did not say anything.
12) SPOOF
Definition : Is a text which tells the events of the past with an unexpected ending and funny.
Purpose : To tell an event with a humorous twist and entertain the readers.
Generic Structure :
1. Orientation
2. Event(s)
3. Twist
Dominant Language Features :
1. Using Past Tense
2. Using action verb
3. Using adverb
4. Chronologically arranged
Example :
That Phone is Off
Soon after he left college, Dave found one of his uncles who was very rich and had no children of his own died and left him a lot of money, so he decided to set up his own real estate agency.
Dave found a nice office. He bought some new furniture and moved in. he had only been there for e few hours when he heard someone coming toward the door of his office.
“It must be my first customer,” Dave thought. He quickly picked up the telephone and pretended to be very busy answering an important call from someone in New York who wanted to buy a big and expensive house in the country.
The man knocked at the door while this was going on. He came in and waited politely for Dave to finish his conversation on the phone. Then the man said to Dave; “I am from the telephone company and I was sent here to connect your telephone.”
13) NEWS ITEM
Definition : News item is a text which informs readers about events of the day. The events are considered newsworthy or important.
Purpose : To inform readers about events of the day which are considered newsworthy or important.
Generic Structure :
1. Newsworthy event(s)
2. Background event(s)
3. Sources
Dominant Language Features :
1. Short, telegraphic information about story captured in headline
2. Using action verbs
3. Using saying verbs
4. Using adverbs : time, place and manner.
Example :
Tangerang Floodwaters Rose
Tangerang Disaster Mitigation (Tagana) teams evacuated hundreds of residents from their homes in the Ciledug Indah housing complex in Ciledug district Tangerang after floodwaters inundated the area on Wednesday. Water of up to 50-centimeters-deep began to inundate the housing complex on Tuesday. By Wednesday morning, the water reached up to two meters in some parts of the complex.
Many vehicles belonging to residents were also trapped in the flood because the owners did not have a chance to move them to a higher place. Temporary shelters inside government offices and mosques were set up to house the evacuates. But some residents refused to leave their homes, citing security concerns. They also said that it would be tiresome to walk between their homes and the shelters to check on their houses. “I prefer to stay at home because it is unsafe to leave home,” local man Dedi Safe’i told The Jakarta Post on Wednesday.
